Much about the background and overview of the book can be found in the prologue of the book (Romans 1:1-7).
“Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God. (which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,) concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; and declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead; by whom we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name: among whom are ye also the called of Jesus Christ: to all that be in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: grace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.”
First, the writer identifies himself as Paul, the apostle and servant of Jesus Christ. This is the first of at least thirteen books attributed to Paul in the New Testament. It is believed to have been written from Corinth in the midst of his third missionary journey, around A.D. 57-58. Interesting, then, is the fact that as of yet Paul had had no personal contact with those to whom he is writing. He would not make it to Rome for another few years, but having heard of the brethren meeting in Rome went about to contact them through this correspondence.
Second, Paul identifies the theme he will be addressing, namely Jesus Christ and His power. Salvation, the product of righteousness, is also the product of a great power (II Corinthians 13:4). In fact, Dunn states that, “To the world-ruling Romans, he describes Christianity as the power of God, which by the word of God, the sword of the Spirit, conquers all nations.” That power is pictured in His great victory over the grave, whereby He is able to give man hope in the final resurrection.
Third, the topic of race relations is briefly mentioned, only to set the stage for the great discussion that will eventually come throughout Romans 6-11. It had been almost twenty years, by this time, since Cornelius and his household were first preached the gospel as Gentiles and became obedient to the faith. Still, though, were their inhibitions in the minds of many regarding their equality with the Jews socially or spiritually. Thus Paul briefly deals with that topic here and then goes into more detail in later chapters.
Fourth, the recipients of the letter are identified as New Testament Christians. Given, then, the many topics Paul discusses in the book it appears to be the case that he is attempting to set forth a correct view of Christianity. Perhaps there were still remnants of heathenism and Judaism inflicting the purity of the church. Paul thus writes to clear up any confusion and correct any inaccuracies plaguing the brethren.
And, fifth, the location of these believers to whom Paul writes is identified as Rome. At this time Rome was the capital of the world. Since she had conquered Greece in 63 B.C., she had ruled the world with a fist of iron. Even as Paul writes, Rome is committing atrocities against Christianity in the name of power. Thus, Paul is “stepping into the lions den” hoping to advance Christianity by starting at the root of its current persecution, Rome.
Through the rest of the book, Paul touches various themes that contextually “hit the nail on the head” regarding issues of the day. But also by application is there great truth in everything that was written.
“Paul’s purpose in Romans is to present a systematic explanation of the gospel (Chapters 1-6); to justify preaching the gospel to the Gentiles, as well as to the Jews (Chapter 3:8-30); to give the clearest and fullest exposition of the doctrines of sin and of grace (3:8; 5:20-21; 6:1-2); to give the divine solution to the universal dominion of sin and death in the universal redemption
through Christ (5:12-21); to overcome the bias of Jewish and Gentile brethren toward one another (2:1; 6-11; 14:3); and to instruct Christians in many practical duties (Chapters 12-
26)” (Dunn).
The book of Romans, thus, is seen as a marvelous mixture of historic problems and contemporary solutions. Its teachings on grace and its role in our salvation deepens the appreciation one has for their salvation. Each verse is a precious gem all should hold dear and appreciate for its value.